Head and neck cancers affect the mouth, throat, voice box, nose, and neck. Tobacco use, alcohol
consumption, and HPV infection are major risk factors. Symptoms include difficulty swallowing,
voice changes, persistent ulcers, and neck swelling. Diagnosis involves imaging, endoscopy, and
biopsy. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or combined modalities.
Early treatment improves survival and functional outcomes.